The synthesis report at hand represents the results of the biological inventories within the second monitoring cycle (2012/2013) of the management plan for the international river basin district Rhine and compares them with the results of the first cycle in 2006/2007. The data on the biological quality components phytoplankton, macrophytes/phytobenthos, macrozoobenthos and fish fauna were used for an overall assessment of the main stream of the Rhine.